Let me be honest with you: the first time I tried to port a standard 2D web app into a Mixed Reality environment last month, it was a complete disaster. I thought my standard CSS flexbox skills would easily translate to the new Samsung XR Infinite. I was wrong. The buttons felt too close, the text gave me a headache, and I quickly realized that the rules of UI/UX we’ve relied on for the past 15 years are obsolete.
In 2026, we are no longer designing for glowing rectangles; we are designing for physical space. The transition from “Flat Design” to “Spatial Design” is the biggest hurdle for frontend developers right now. Here is what I’ve learned the hard way about building technology of the future interfaces that don’t make your users sick.
1. The Z-Axis Nightmare (Depth Perception)
On a laptop, you only worry about X and Y coordinates. In spatial computing, the Z-axis (depth) changes everything.
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The Mistake I Made: I placed a virtual menu 0.5 meters away from the user’s face, thinking it would be easy to reach. It caused immediate eye strain because human eyes struggle to focus on objects that close for extended periods (the vergence-accommodation conflict).
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The Fix: The “Comfort Zone” for spatial UI is exactly 1.5 to 2.5 meters away from the user. If you want a window to feel “closer,” don’t move it physically closer on the Z-axis—just scale it up.
2. Gaze and Pinch: The New “Hover” State
We no longer have a mouse cursor. The user’s eyes are the cursor, and their fingers are the click.
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The Feedback Loop: When a user looks at a button in your app, it must react instantly. I like to add a subtle “glow” or a slight extrusion effect (moving the button 5mm forward on the Z-axis) when the eye-tracking detects a gaze.
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Accidental Clicks: One of the biggest bugs in early tech startups building for AR was “false pinches.” You must design your UI to require an intentional, firm pinch gesture, and always include a satisfying audio “click” to replace the tactile feel of a physical mouse.
3. Typography in Thin Air (Glassmorphism 2.0)
Reading text on a transparent background while the user is looking at a bright window or a dark wall is incredibly challenging.
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Drop Shadows are Mandatory: In flat design, drop shadows were an aesthetic choice. In spatial design, they are a functional necessity. A heavy, blurred drop shadow separates your text from the chaotic real-world background.
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Dynamic Materials: Apple introduced “Glass” materials that automatically adjust their opacity and color based on the real-world lighting behind them. Android XR now has a similar
MaterialSpatialAPI. Use it. Never use pure white or pure black backgrounds; they feel jarring in an AR environment.
4. Don’t Break the User’s Neck (Ergonomics)
This is something a Figma canvas can’t teach you.
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When I tested my first dashboard, I put the navigation menu floating near the ceiling and the footer near the floor. After 10 minutes of testing, my neck was killing me.
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The Rule of 30 Degrees: All interactive elements must remain within a 30-degree cone of the user’s resting line of sight. If they have to turn their head aggressively or look up/down repeatedly, your UI has failed.
5. The 2026 Tool Stack
You can’t build spatial apps with just VS Code and a browser anymore.
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Spline & Bezi: These have become the “Figma for 3D.” They allow you to rapidly prototype spatial layouts without writing complex Unity or Unreal Engine code.
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WebXR: If you are building a web app (like a Svelte 6 project), the WebXR Device API is your best friend. It allows users to enter your 3D environment directly from a browser link, bypassing the app stores completely.
6. The Verdict: Start Unlearning
Building for Mixed Reality in 2026 requires humility. You have to unlearn the “pixel-perfect” mindset and start thinking like an interior designer or an architect. It’s frustrating at first, but when you see a user naturally reach out and interact with your digital creation in their living room, you realize that the future of cybersecurity tech, productivity, and entertainment is undeniably spatial.
Explore the latest spatial design principles on the Google AR & VR Developer Portal.